4.1 Graphological level This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. This level according to Alabi (2008) is the level of sounds and sounds combination. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. 5.2 Conclusions Research in second and foreign language studies and in pedagogical stylistics has increased immensely. Tatengkengs Kuncup are good example for. Stanley E. Fishs article What is Stylistics and why are they Saying such Terrible Things about it? in Essays in Modern Stylistics (1981) says: Stylistics was born of a reaction to the subjectivity and imprecision of literary studies. written. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. Lexicon in advertisements is special in that some words are shortened in a readable way to allure the public. Linguistic context refers to the surrounding features of language inside a text, like the typography, sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, which are relevant to the interpretation of other such linguistic elements. In this respect, stylistics is interested in By definition, deviation is the conscious attempt of flouting the linguistic norms for the purpose of foregrounding, revealing or defining the writers style or peculiarities. about somebody's character through his Here the question of why particular elements of language have been used arises. It discusses how we recognize 3) To identify the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. While some research has directly ignored its linguistic meaning and just concentrated on its psychological aspects, other studies have reflected its linguistic nature. H+h[''6=.5:i+2h K|We$H},:,jLF|ioDVUlxL-?i j=vRsq?}abPQp|X] 1JX)Rh2?rA.mYeM[U]@Le!uu!0fD[k$sX@0XB cq;Wj 4zsxd jMb1%pkx>? The irregular right-hand margin of poems, the strange use of parenthesis and the discarding of capital letters as used by E. E. Cummings, Christopher Okigbo, Wole Soyinka and others, fall under this division. The phonological It can refer to the study of proper use of words or language in proper places. This paper is an attempt to shed light on linguistic deviation in literary style. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? Therefore, to interpret a text stylistically both external and internal evidence are needed. levels of stylistics that concerns textual presentation. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? Literary stylistics is sometimes referred to Literary Criticism. All these definitions or descriptions reflect an artificial and ornamental view of style. and forming systemic use of sound in Despite a break of traditional rules, my sonnet still be called a sonnet? The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. K:\!f&gsq\M| In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. It views graphology as the inference of character from a persons handwriting. and about what is done, what is going to be How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? This is because a linguist deaf to the poetic function of language and a literary scholar indifferent to linguistic problems and unconversant with linguistic method are equally flagrant anachronisms as opined by Jakobson in Onwukwe (2009: i). -Compounding, are some expressions that cannot be Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. 2.1.9 Present study categorization of graphological devices He labels what we call graphology as punctuation and devotes attention not just to punctuation marks but also to spelling, typefaces or spacing, to mention just a few. Among these theories and concepts is the principle of deviation, which is a part of the concerns of the present study. The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. There are numerous types of stylistic devices available, each with a distinct goal: to add interest, clarity, and visual appeal to a text. Through grammatical 1 10 The -nature of vocabulary (use of simple or difficult words, vocabulary is archaic or modern, words used are concrete or abstract), -lexical relations that exists between words (use of synonyms, antonyms, use of unique words, use of borrowed words e.g Kikuyu word in an English text), They include factors that arise from a person. amount of vocabulary 1ppf*>k5#j$HU.gtNrjn|`M:qTom8bfhL*kiLW?h.k"G`@4r`j! Also, stylistic tools like phonological, grammatical, lexical, and graphological features were employed to aid the flow of the message and the organizational structures of the poem. It is also a theoretical dimension to research undertaken into practice in the stylistics classroom. There are three major approaches to the study of stylistics, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2013) observe. This assertion aligns with the view of Nkopuruk and Odusina (2019). This can be seen in two ways. All Rights Reserved. However, in recent times, there is more to style than being a pointed instrument used for writing. Different registers make particular use of such graphological features as: size of print and capitalization in newspaper and advertising lay-outs; different typefaces and sizes in dictionaries such as this one; special lines in poetry, etc. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. 3.5 Validation of the Instrument This module will expose you to those things that should be considered in doing a stylistic analysis at the phono-graphological level of language description. Alliteration study of invisible The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. The complex developments within literary criticism over the last 20 years have affected the interplay between literature, language and language education in the language classroom. 2. Modality-comprise of specific features that are chosen deliberately to produce an overall conversionalised format of language (a report, letter, speech. This, as a matter of fact makes it rather difficult sometimes to draw a clear line between literary stylistics and linguistic stylistics. The study adopted foregrounding as a. are not directly referable to any observable linguistic features of texts, and one of the long-term aims of stylistics must be to see how far such descriptions can be justified in terms of descriptions of a more linguistic kind. physical context of speaker. Identify four other types of stylistics apart from linguistic and literary stylistics; Identify the features focused on at the phono-graphological level; . In order to highlight the semiotic potential of type-face, (Van Leeuwen & Jewitt, 2001) have delved into the creation of meaning through certain graphological elements such as typography, print layout as well as colour. Wales (2001) has attempted a seemingly clearest and most complete definition of graphology so far, since it clarifies its meaning and incorporated many other features beyond the letters of alphabet, for example: punctuation and spacing. Introduction In this article stylisticsanalysis of deviation . This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. This was the perception behind this notion about 2000 years ago. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. Although both scholars cover the concept of graphology to a considerable extent, Lennard is devoted to composition and punctuation. Both linguistic stylistics and literary criticism rigorously analyze and synthesize a work of art with a common aim of presenting both the merits and the demerits of the work, and in so doing, elucidate the work. Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. Again, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of literary stylistics need an articulated and current work in the field to update their knowledge. The deployment of language by a writer creates a distinct style through which he/she reaches out to the audience. As a literary critical term, style denotes a characteristic use of language. The traditional dualistic view later clashed with the monist organic view of style of the new critics. stops, question marks etc. Chapter One: INTRODUCTION Do not sell or share my personal information. Importance of stylistics devices-sharpen our understanding and appreciation of literary works -helps in translation-help in giving judgment. 1. conversations. He adds, People are my clothes. In literary studies and stylistics, foregrounding is a the linguistic strategy of calling attention to certain language features in order to shift the reader's attention from what is said to how it is said. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. Phonological and Graphological level Feb. 1, 2017 0 likes 6,964 views Download Now Download to read offline Education a brief summary of phonological and Graphological level in stylistics. The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. 3.2 Population of the Study Stylistics is the study of style. Graphology is the study of handwriting as a means of analyzing character. It involves Literary stylistics focuses exclusively on literary texts. The stylistic features, they go on to discuss, are not exclusive to one genre but are techniques that can be applied equally to non-literary texts. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. Albeit literary stylistics occasionally may involve the rudimentary analysis of the structure and form of a literary text, it however readily employs the use of literary categories in the analysis of the text. 3.6 Reliability of the Instrument Frequent use of a particular (3) Graphology: Graphology is a linguistic level of text analysis that focuses on language in print. However, the ultimate notion of morphology is the transposition of words. This study however, focuses attention on graphological deviation which is understood as the variant means of language use in print to actualize the meaning of a text. 3 5 I. GRAMMATICAL LEVEL or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth meaning, ideas, focuses and This study is limited to graphological level of linguistic stylistic analysis, for two obvious reasons: firstly, the research did not consider the other levels, for avoidance of deficiency and awkwardness, having studied six poetry collections; secondly, the research is not on General Stylistics which analyses nonliterary variety of language or registers. It is used in order to catch the attention of the audience instantly. 2.3.5 Syntactic Level . I am also indebted to my amiable parents, Elder/Deaconess Nseobong Nkopuruk; they deserve a special mention, for their all-round support which metamorphosed into a Masters Degree in English, today.always counting on them too, for higher heights. In other words, it is the scientific study of style. It is basically concerned with the understanding of technique or the craft of writing. The following are the levels of text stylistics according to these levels. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. Requirements before stylistics analysis. For the appreciative raptures of the impressionistic critic, stylisticians purport to substitute precise and rigorous linguistic descriptions, and to proceed from those descriptions to interpretations for which they claim a measure of objectivity. Status affects lexical and grammatical level. Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see the lexical level of stylistics analysis as the study of the way in which individual words and idioms tend to pattern in different linguistic contexts on the meaning level in terms of stylistics. The application of linguistics in stylistics is intended to create awareness about the internal use of language in a text. ,l5#7:l5k>e; Look at the various devices used to link sentences in grammar for instance logical word (firstly), contrast words (however), result words (therefore) and comparison words (likewise, similarly) among other. Finally, here lies the major difference between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism a point more lucidly corroborated by Leech and Short (1981) while discussing Style, Text and Frequency: Aesthetic terms used in the discussion of style (urbane, curt, exuberant, florid, lucid, plain, vigorous, etc.) occurrences may help in developing the understanding of endobj Contractions/ contracted forms Analysing a text stylistically is unlike doing a 'literary' analysis as it needs to be much more objective and rooted in fact. They include: Spelling, punctuation, typography and layout (see table 1) below. 4.3.1 Yawns and Belches (2018) A style is a certain manner, approach or way in which something is said, . This statement presupposes that Jane wrote fiction 3.1 Purpose of the Study to understand the things than his dictionary knowledge Other basic considerations are the general appearance and impression of the writing, the pressure of upward and downward strokes, and the smoothness of the writing. Mark Jayson Zonio Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Stylistics 26.8K views18 slides 25.2K views23 slides 38.8K47 slides 23 slides 20 (20 (status/social dialect), Which period of English was the text written (Time), Does the text involve speaking or writing? Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. Singapore 369977. -Colloquial references Features of province-identify user to a particular profession, occupational. 2.1.4.1 Linguistic Stylistics Nature of participation-different language is used in a monologue and dialogue, What does the text tell us about the person using it? This video lecture discusses the Graphological Level of Language in Stylistic Analysis of English Literature. judged by the reader through the Longe and Ofuani (1996:359) see it as solely concerned with the investigation of the artistry of language usage in literature. Stylistics as a method can help explain how a particular use of language works within a text for both the native and the non-native speaker and how texts are interpreted and understood by the reader. is more dependent upon the readers ability According to what is mentioned above, it can be concluded that both subjective and objective evidences are used by the stylistician. Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. Then can you please explain this article "Owen`s poem Anthem for Doomed Youth is also graphologically deviant. L ro#G*o"rY:wDs54!NUt4;>h According to classical tradition, oratory is the art of discovering all possible means of persuasions. Deviation on the other hand happens to be the sharpest way through which a writer foregrounds his intention and achieves aesthetics. (Wikipedia), is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. 2. Detailed evidence of the morphological level will be sought in the selected bank adverts viz-a-viz their stylistic functional relevance. Also called handwriting analysis. -Nouns to interjections It is discovered that some journalists report objectively, distancing themselves from the stories while some bring . 2. In summary, Stylistics is concerned with the writers deployment of the formal properties of a text and how readers interact with the language of (literary and non-literary) texts in order to explain how we understand, and are affected by texts when we read them. The evidence often used to prove the validity of graphology include its similarity to forensic handwriting analysis. For others the former would only be appropriate for advanced learners. 2.1 Conceptual Framework The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. Stylistics theory therefore was key in the discussions about how graphological features are used in the construction of the selected texts as well as the role those features play in enhancing thematic comprehension and aesthetic predisposition resulting into ideal analysis. The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. The most distinct graphological feature in poetry is the linear arrangement of the poem in contrast to paragraphing in the case of prose. Definition. (7) Stylistics: Stylistics is an independent genre of linguistics that studies the styles and peculiarities of a written or spoken text. Lastly, the study will serve as a guide and resource material to scholars and learners who may wish to carry out research in the area of stylistics as findings generated from the study will be of great benefit for further enquires. phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. The description of formal patterns can help in objectifying stylistic analysis as well as enabling the critic or readers to discipline their intuitive responses to text. It deals with culture and it encompasses social context, age group context, racial context, ideological context as well as political and religious contexts. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that embodies the study of graphic features of the language. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. Ogunsiji & Farinde (2013) observe this level as that of word choice. Finally, Wellek and Warren (1977: 176) opine that linguistic study becomes literary only when it serves the study of literature; when it aims at investigating the aesthetic effect of language (Eyoh 2005). analysis of text we can know the authors Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size) Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality Phonological/Graphological level Language In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words On this note therefore, it becomes problematic demarcating literature from language and vice versa as students are made to specialize in either of them. Style also varies from one period to another. In systemic functional linguistics, foregrounding refers to a prominent portion of text that contributes meaning, contrasted with the background, which provides relevant context for the .
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