That's charlotte costin. Report for Radio Lab. Their mating calls. Just out of sympathy for them. Again, a whole bunch of herpetologists were out there and some island conservationists and they're talking about what to do pente and they can't get lonesome George to reproduce which they were hoping to do because then they could build a pin to population and put it on Penta. Almost every day during that time fraser would fly over Isabela island, two guys with two shooters either side of the helicopter, what you do is so you come across and you're flying along and you might see one goat says you follow that goat as it ran away until it joined its friends. Our fact checkers are diane kelly, Emily Krieger and Adam Sibyl Hi, I'm Erica in Yonkers leadership. Penta is was a very special place. And so we want to ask for your help now, as we enter this new stage, this new year for us. So that was my first experience. So they called around offered huge cash rewards. Also, thanks to Dylan keef original music. Let's go back to a better time. Um, so it's like you have you have a couple of shrew like creatures walking around. We are dedicating a whole hour to the Galapagos archipelago, the place that inspired Darwins theory of evolution and natural selection. So you can give a push to this Process. And you do that every two weeks for a year. It's a directional antenna. Right? We talk about going from weeks to hours, two minutes, two seconds at its core artificial intelligence for me has always been about decision support. This is a field of four. And he tells me, well, I'm nervous. So something is happening. I actually visited one of the main researchers in Congo. It would possibly be one of the first vertebrate examples of speciation in real time that we can observe. WebThe Galapagos Islands are famous for inspiring Charles Darwin to form his Theory of Evolution based on the biodiversity he'd observed there. It was breath taken. He's adorable. Hello Gisella. You know, until the originals are ready. Nearly 200 years later, the Galpagos are undergoing rapid changes that continue to pose and perhaps answer critical questions about the fragility and Listen to keeping score a special series on the United States of anxiety wherever you get, listener supported W. N. Y. C. Studios way listening to radio. And you could argue we're gonna have to get a whole lot better at making some very, very difficult decisions. You mean eat the fly larva? Right? Well these are very purist sort of visions. My name is Gisele. See? He never really liked other tortoises much. Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. It's kind of late, the sun is just starting to set. This story unfolds on one of Galapagos most northern islands where they also had to get rid of some goats. And he says that as the meeting were on it got tense. Go to Shopify dot com slash radio lab. They kidnapped some people, including some of my crew and they even killed dozens of tortoises, slitting their throats. I'm actually walking down Charles Darwin Avenue just kinda getting the lay of the land when all of a sudden this line of cars comes around the corner honking, endless honking and waving flags, blue flags. This is radio lab. Just going to meet you at the airport. They tagged, we collected genetic samples, got some D. N. A. Thanks to Trish Dolman and screen siren pictures, Alex gala font Mathias espinosa. So we, you know, we do this interview in english and I'm almost embarrassed that I wanted to talk to him because I think the dude is just gonna be so down and out exactly the opposite. Most recently, in an exploration of the science of aging and the search for immortality in an episode titled "Mortality," hosts Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich This is just to grab a few flies, take them back to the lab and study them so they can learn how to fight them charlotte and paid ads. Here at Radiolab we wanted to flip that flop, so we dredged up the most mortifying, most audio story. Hello? If they can't make babies, the population will crash and in some cases you can successfully eradicate a species. Listen. Yeah. The whalers and pirates would often take goats that they brought with them and throw them onto the islands that way when they're on their way back and sick of eating tortoises, they could grab those goats. What's, what's going on you? So you really only had two species left. Then when I showed up after a few years again I was truly even more perplexed. It wasn't their fault. And so the best way you can help us is to become an annual member of the lab and you can do that right now, go to radio lab dot org slash join and if you join as an annual member before june 30th at midnight, you will get two months free using the code summer. But the interesting thing was from year to year it got more difficult. So not only that, but according to linda, those goats, couple islands where they've been eliminated, fishermen have put them back. There is music under the breaks. There's thousands of islands around the world that have goats on them. I mean like like sergeants. And the question is, what's our responsibility? We went live on the radio that was so fun. We thought about the worst years ever and all through that listener support was one of the things that kept us going. I like to think of it as a kind of Darwin finch. I spent what two grand friend is The beginning is the beginning of a new a new future for the island. And that's also why when we think of evolution, we think of the Galapagos and in particular we think of two iconic creatures, the tortoise and the finch. All I remember is having a smile on my face all the time because you know, as a biologist going to Galapagos is like going to mecca. Thanks for listening. 179 years later, the Galapagos are Boxid. You know, there's green mangroves, black lava flows and pink flamingos. Joint Review WebRADIOLAB Galapagos Aired in 2014, this episode describes some of the challenges faced by the Galapagos islands to protect their local species. What was that? A little black fly looks like every other fly. And if you think of 100,000 goats eating everything in their path, every sort of plant that even the bark off of trees, they destroy the forest. Contact us, indicating the AAPB ID (cpb-aacip/80-80vq8sgb). And so the technique that we would use was you would fire up your helicopter, you fly around, you'd find some goats, capture goats, capture them live and then come back back to base camp, offload them and you put a radio collar on them and you throw them back on the island. So then they thought we've got to take matters into our own hands basically. Are these finches disappearing very fast, Very slowly, depends on the species. And James says in a way it was a paradox because on the one hand, awesome, we have an actual living pinta island tortoise. You can go, I don't know the depths of the Impenetrable jungle, It's been affected by human activity. These tortoises are only found here. TRT: 59:00 *Breaks: Two 1:00 minute breaks. Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org. This is James gibbs, professor of conservation biology at the State University of new york, it's one of those islands, it's not part of any tourist visitation site. Set up a little expat community and started breeding with the locals. This one, which first aired As our co-Hosts Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser are out this week, we are re-sharing the perfect episode to start the summer season! And this became one of the, one of the most important pieces of evidence that, you know, when animals would move from one place to another, they would begin to differentiate based on very, very important. Say a few from maybe those Penta tortoises swim with occurrence to that nearby island. Super limited electricity. In the meantime the vegetation on Pinta is growing out of control from an ecological point of view pinter can't wait. Plus with 24/7 support, you're never alone. And I'm like, is he gonna win? Radio lab is supported by Teladoc. Yeah. The story about the invasive They wear those trousers on the plane and then they wear them when they come here and then people walk and then just distribute or disperse the seeds along the trail. Two females that sort of looked like George but weren't quite the same species and we put them with George to see if we could get him to breed, he never did wasn't interested. And based on that genetic data the small tree finch is not doing great. Either the whalers or the pirates. In fact says that it's actually in the same family as the regular house fly, but it's actually a boat fly called the Lorna's down. They're like the size of jeez, I don't even know what their massive, they look like. And he told me that in the seventies and eighties lobster was fished all year round no restrictions. One I particularly love is Radiolab, the NPR mix of nerdy science and audio bombast. Earlier this summer, its gregarious hosts Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich produced an episode entirely on the Galapagos Islands. We all know the Galapagoss role as a laboratory of evolution. Or maybe it's 10,000 hammerhead sharks. They would need like millions of traps every few feet to do that. No. Howard Before We close. She took a trip to this island called Isabella, hiked up the side of a volcano and looked at all the tortoise country and it was an Impenetrable forest, basically tortoise heaven. I guess. So they choose not to breed. Science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty moore Foundation Science sandbox assignment Foundation initiative and the john Templeton Foundation Foundational support for Radio Lab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. I worked for island conservation and I'm based here in the Galapagos islands carl's actually the guy who showed me those tortoises, it was just a, it was a barren landscape, barren, barren grounds. Here's Kareem Yousef, the general manager of AI Applications at IBM, I'm standing on top of a suspension bridge, I've got a vast view in front of me. 2.2K views about 2 years ago 48:23 Love it or hate it, the freedom to It shows you also evolution. You're saying this pinto DNA was on another island. It's like a biological rule about who you're not going to make a baby with. He wasn't curious. WebRadiolab - Transcripts Subscribe 45 episodes Share Radiolab is on a curiosity bender. Not on Penta that had a lot of Penta D. N. A. I remember very clearly the moment was very very exciting. People are right now throwing beers at each other around what is the right strategy josh says that there are basically two camps right now on the one side, you've got this classic like what you might call Eden approach conservation Biology. We want to hit the ground running as we go into the next year and you've heard of the lab, we've been talking about it, we've been so excited about it. All lower case for a free 14 day. How far are we willing to go to stop that from happening? Which should never actually happened because these are totally separate species. And we all agreed because the calls are really distinct, easy to tell apart. Radiolab is supported by Simon and Schuster, publishers of The Codebreaker, the new book from Walter Isaacson, an exploration of Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna and modern sciences efforts to cure disease, combat viruses and raise healthy children available wherever books are sold. He's also a well known musician in Galapagos turns out thanks to the Galapagos national park Charles Darwin Foundation Island conservation and the Galapagos Conservancy. Normally a female goat would be in heat for maybe a couple of days. Now most of these plants are actually probably harmless and you know like you said Galapagos national park they spend tons of money, tons of time trying to keep invasives out. She's lived in Galapagos for over a decade. So the helicopters were used, they're called MD five hundred's small helicopter there for four passengers and one pilot, single turbine five blades. She says, you have islands with massive volcanoes and forests, tree ferns that grow, you know, well above a human sight. It shows you the power. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. They take 39 tortoises raised in captivity and they use them as placeholders. They're also seeing baby finches climbing up over each other just struggling to get away from the larva on the bottom of the nest and then they'll even start standing on the nest rim just to avoid being eaten. I'm gon kill the person. You know because like we talked about in the 17 18 hundreds, these whalers would come along grab a bunch of tortoises, put them on the ship and then they would hunt for whales. But here's the problem. We celebrated our 20th anniversary. Well, I talked to one scientist sonia klein door for I'm professor in animal behavior at flinders University, south Australia. It grabbed the goats dart, um, and then in a matter of minutes, snip snip did you do this? So that had acted as a barrier basically with goats on one side tortoises on the other. It would look almost the same but much shorter. Test the outer edges of what you think you know, Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. And meanwhile the finch populations are just getting decimated charlotte says that they're trying to respond. You can just take the best pinta tortoises you find and put those on Penta and you know over the next 200,000 years they will evolve into a pinto tortoise and it could be a bit different than the past pinta tortoise because evolution and mutation and all that doesn't occur the same. They learned that this sound means, so the goats start hiding so they're going to bushes, they won't move, They learn to stand under a tree holding their breath. What if everything has been changing all the time? It would be lovely if we could find something like that because if they could find that chemical that love chemical that the flies used to attract each other, they could disrupt it, confuse the flies and screw up their mating. They burned down a building. She's a researcher at the Charles Darwin foundation. This year marks the 150th anniversary of the publication of his "On the origin of species", and the unspoilt islands still fascinate researchers. You've got. I'm walking through the town. What happened to the forest, goats, goats? It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about special events. But that's four generations of tortoises, not rats. And when you set foot first on pin to you immediately since your abundance all the insect life and birds problem is on pena things were spinning out of control vegetation was growing wild in the forest was getting overgrown with the wrong kind of plants and the whole ecosystem was just teetering out of balance And one of the reasons for this, according to Linda Coyote is that we had an island with no tortoises because tortoises are sort of like the lawnmowers. And song samples made some recordings, brought all this stuff into the lab analyzed the genetic samples and had this terrible realization that the large tree finches now extinct, totally gone from the island. It's like having a program on you over and over and over again, it gets worse. They sterilize them and put them on pinter. It wouldn't notice that you were there. Yeah. On the other hand, you had all of these goats that didn't choose to be on the island. And this guy, he doesn't even say anything. Oh for sure. But then my power supply didn't work and my nook died. These bright yellow traps hanging from trees. So it's a lot. So she would end up relying on their songs. The other three of money behind them and you see their flags all over santa cruz. Look at this species here, Small levi, green thing they call it Huntin in spanish, it is in its plan ta go, I think in the U. S. They call it, Was it the wrench of the white man? When Lucy was only two days old she was adopted by a psychologist and his wife who wondered: if given the right environment, how human could I was running as it turns out he speaks some english. By this point, I'm getting super excited and I'm thinking about Darwin and I start reading Voyage of the Beagle, his book on this nook that I had bought for the trip. Three tree finch species, the small, the medium and the large, and we went out and we set up our miss nets and we caught the birds and we measured them. So I took the plane from Kyoto. Which means at least 100 years. Oh yes. Oh my God, they ate the whole back of this little finch. She showed me her lab. And so there under the trees, you have these ponds with dozens of tortoise domes just rising out of the water. Scientists had to find clever ways to help the turtles on the island! And really what that guy was specifically saying was don't be precious. This tiny little dead finch in this box, wow! more about how IBM is using AI to help organizations create more resilient and sustainable infrastructure and operations by visiting IBM dot com slash sustainability this week on the new yorker radio hour, we're joined by Alan Alda Alda talks about growing up around burlesque shows his life as an actor, science feminism and how he took up podcasting in his eighties. Lava flows are like 1000 sea iguanas taking a sun bath. So in 2009 they come up with a stopgap. So here's the story, Goats were originally brought to the Galapagos probably by pirates and whalers back in the 1500s. just a boom rod. They took me outside. You had the small tree finches and the medium tree finch is. This hour is about the Galpagos archipelago, which inspired Darwins theory of evolution and natural selection. You know, they eat goats in africa, you know, why don't you get lions on there? You can like see him pulsing, breathing. This is Radio Lab, and today elements. But that's the only possible the first day. a short break. Well it means that these two different finches had started having babies together. Indeed. Unlike on the island of Isabella, which became barren, on the island of Pinta the vegetation has grown out of control due to the extinction of the tortoises (and no goats) by 1906. But what if simply putting your foot on the ground can completely transform a place hola back to producer tim Howard. And that is how they go from 90% go free to 91 to 92 to 93 to 94. Wow, that is freaking amazing, describe them. The medium tree finch has patrol that boundary. Whereas the numbers were very small for the medium tree finch and smaller for the small tree finch, wow, I dare say that sounds kind of hopeful. A given episode It's called scandia sharpie thing. The finches look similar but their beaks were always a little bit different and this gets them thinking what if it isn't the way that everybody always says, what if God didn't create every single species in the beginning and leave them unchanged? So whalers and buccaneers. You can buy it at home depot but there it is in the Galapagos and along this path just looking to the right and the left and then she just starts counting the number of invasive species at 1234 as you can see here, it's only right next to the trail but not so much for them. So Gisella thought just by chance some of these tortoises are going to have a little bit more Penta D. N. A. And those are really interesting ideas, but at some point they're gonna get hungry and they're going to start eating all the other things that you know, you treasure, like the occasional tourists in any case after endless planning and meetings took eight years, I think they commence project Isabella. I am a senior research scientist at Yale University and has come up with kind of a radical idea. People sent in dozens of tortoises but linda took one look at them and was like no, no no, no they weren't pinto's. Someone chopped it in half. So they thought maybe he needs a pinto lady. What's that? And what we'd do is we'd find a location as close as we could. Do you remember the song types? The tortoise is a tortoise is a tortoise. But then at the same time the tourism economy has been taking off and so all of these fishermen, they find that it's easier for them to actually survive by using their boats to take tourists around island island. And just how far are we willing to go to stop that from happening? Who kind of scrambled everything up for me? The natural skied from the first chapter Who wrote this song, Peak Open Zone. Initially it was carl's suggestion was goats, gregarious and like being in groups, they're herd animals. It was a magical, magical area. He was on santa cruz Island having dinner with some friends and we got into chatting about tortoises and one of the people he's eating with says, hey, I was recently on pinata Island collecting snails and I saw this tortoise and I thought, do you know what you have done? We said goodbye to Jad abu Murad. I'm the restoration Ecologist at the Charles Darwin foundation. I'm just I'm robert Krulwich, this is radio lab in this hour. I began my work in Galapagos in 1981. But compared to the medium tree finch is they are because the medium tree finch is were on the brink of extinction. Yeah, it's P. H. I L. I can't spell out loud Phil or L. O. R. N. I. S. D. O. W. N. S. I. Filan is actually means bird loving. Climate change seems to mean that a lot of species are Pretty much doomed, 30%, 40%, 50% of the species now on the planet in a few decades maybe disappearing. Is this the way that everybody who works on the tortoises thinks about it this kind of deep time. It's it's a very simple song. It's white and it's really loud. But at the time the immediate question was, are there any more because if they could find a female for George, then they could, you know, maybe de extinct the species. So I'm just going to step in to play an episode that well, if I'm honest, it's just one that I felt like hearing and running again at this moment. Image credits: Rene via Adobe Stock. Listen, wherever you get your podcasts, I'm john, I'm robert Krulwich, this is Radio lab today, a whole hour on the Galapagos islands. The tough question now is if we concede that we can't any longer save all the species, then does that put us in the situation of having to decide which ones will save and which ones we won't, And do we have any basis for making those kinds of decisions? And the flags are still flying everywhere. I'm talking tie dyed caps and hot pink sweatbands. It's this on ending struggle. It's like so cynical. So they lash out, they marched down Charles Darwin avenue, they would come down the street throwing rocks and sticks and everything. She sees a small group of birds who have mixed up jeans hybrid cluster some genes from the small tree finches and some from the medium tree finch is what does that mean? From their Penta ancestors than others. You know, it might be like the planes just covered with buffalo or maybe the Serengeti desert with Lines and elephants. Our newsletter comes out every Wednesday. In fact one guy spoke with Harry Green. The goats become quote educated. We just told you a story about how far humans are willing to go to protect something. This is radio lab and we are dedicating the entire hour to this little set of islands and to that question as the world is filling up with more and more and more people, Is it inevitable that even the most sacred pristine places on the planet will eventually get swallowed up? Radiolab The test-writers definitely listen to this podcast to get ideas for science passages The science passages you see on the LSAT often have to do with evolution, psychology, and interaction between humans and nature. WebRadiolabGalapagos Rebroadcast 2017. Sometimes you have a year this is justa flop. Oh my God. This is the place where Darwin began to develop his theory of evolution and it's the place 100 70 year or maybe 280 years later where our producer tim howard landed wearing fishnets and a bad brains t shirt too fine to find a very different landscape than what Darwin saw. More often, I'm Kareem Yousef and at IBM we use artificial intelligence to solve real world. It's our new membership program and it comes with awesome perks, ad free listening, bonus, audio content, live events. And then everyone gets shot except the judas go, they let it go find more friends and then everyone gets shot except the judas go and then they do it again, everyone gets shot except the judas goat. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Fund Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. But it's an average. But to give an example of the nature of this business that's josh Donlan, he runs an NGO that was involved in project Isabella. So linda when she first went to Galapagos to study these tortoises about 30 years ago I did a trip where we backpacked around the caldera. Were all great apes. We were really starting to get kind of desperate about options. Going back. This foundation is this idea of pristine wilderness from the very beginning, I think all of us well I can't speak for other people, but but you always have this idea of wanting to get it back to some kind of pre human condition, pre human being, the operative word. He seemed to really like to keep to himself. As of September 2020, Radiolab is hosted by Latif Nasser and Lulu Miller. The show focuses on topics of a scientific, philosophical, and political nature. The show attempts to approach broad, difficult topics such as "time" and "morality" in an accessible and light-hearted manner and with a distinctive audio production style. Um and eventually you start um you know fondling their their legs and tails and hoping to get them to ejaculate and had a volunteer working with me, her name was favorite bridge oni. You know, Galapagos was really isolated, barely any cars. This is carl Campbell. What do they look like? You just put your hands around. silly. He was so joyful to have lost. There was no shade, tortoises were sitting out in the sun or crowded around a couple of stalks that were still there. 14K subscribers in the Radiolab community. WebRadiolab is one of the most beloved podcasts and public radio programs in the world. Dylan keith is our Director of sound design. Okay, so quick context, Galapagos Islands, cluster of islands way off the coast of Ecuador in the Pacific 19 bigger islands, bunch of smaller ones. You know, like nature in its purest form. So many kids want to make a change, but a high school girls volleyball team is redefining what it means to play together.
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