[81], Blood donations increased by as much as 25% in some cities in Western Canada after the crash. Please read our Commenting Policy first. Web1:43 Investigators recreate Humboldt Broncos bus crash at rural site There was nothing to obscure Sidhus view of the stop sign, according to the agreed statement of facts. At the time, Layne was still living in the condo in Saskatoon, under the constant care of his parents. WebLogan Boulet played defence for the Humboldt Broncos junior hockey team. Laynes remarkable achievements brought hope each milestone another step in Layne getting closer to where hed been. The intersection is commonly known as "Armley Corner". Another avenue for hope opened when a representative from the Surrey Neuroplasticity Clinic, near Vancouver, contacted Kevin to tell him about portable neuromodulation stimulator technology, known as the PONS device. Comments may take up to an hour for moderation before appearing on the site. [39] This prompted an apology from the coroner. The event is also known as the "Logan Boulet Effect" and inspire Canadians to talk to their families and register as organ donors. On April 6, 2018, sixteen people were killed and thirteen were injured when a northbound coach bus struck a westbound semi-trailer truck near Armley, [30], On April 12, 2018, people across Canada were encouraged to wear sports sweaters and jerseys, to remember the victims in a movement known as #JerseysForHumboldt. Two others died of their injuries in hospital. [125] On April 18, it reached $15,185,502,[126] making it Canada's largest GoFundMe campaign and the second largest in the history of the site. An online fundraising campaign started by Wounded Warriors Canada and TEMA Conter Memorial Trust raised over $110,000 for Humboldt's first responders. But a nurse caring for the victims found three letters on the right forearm of one of the unnamed. It names the truck driver, the trucking company, and the bus manufacturer, and asks for unspecified damages and court orders, including one that would require all buses carrying sports teams in Saskatchewan to have seat belts and other safety devices. Sixteen people were killed and The siblings had always planned to get matching ink. They still debate over Crosby and Ovechkin. They stayed together, beside him, filled with hope. The review did not find another accident with vehicles travelling west and north. Fortunately, the situation in Saskatchewan is an extraordinarily rare circumstance in Canada, Bowes said. Amid the debris, the front of the Charlies Charters bus, laying on its passenger side, is obliterated. What difficulties did the Saskatchewan coroner face in the bus crash? Comments may take up to an hour for moderation before appearing on the site. Unauthorized distribution, transmission or republication strictly prohibited. [87] On that same night, the Nashville Predators played "O Canada" before their last home game and regular-season game against the Columbus Blue Jackets, despite neither team being Canadian-based. Carley cheered for the Washington Capitals and Alex Ovechkin; Layne idolized Sidney Crosby and the Penguins. A GoFundMe crowdfunding campaign set a national record by raising more than $15,000,000. A yellow road sign lies in the snow behind what might be the second trailer, seen to the top right of the above shot. Under Saskatchewan law, money raised through a public appeal must follow regulations that include appointing a supervising judge, submitting a proposed court order for fund allocation, and recommending a timeline for the distribution. [154], The Saskatchewan government hired a private consulting firm to do a safety assessment of the intersection where the crash occurred, after the RCMP and Ministry of Highways finished their crash investigation. For example, someone is found dead in an apartment. Funerals for Darcy Haugan and Brody Hinz were held on April 14 in Humboldt. Humboldt Broncos player Evan Thomas, from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, died in Fridays bus crash. Hours after the crash, there was still little clarity from the site of the tragedy or the hospital in Nipawin, where the Humboldt Broncos had been heading for a playoff game earlier that Friday evening. Previously, he was the head of features for The Athletic Canada and a senior writer at Sportsnet Magazine and Sportsnet.ca. On July 6, 2018, the RCMP charged 29-year-old Jaskirat Singh Sidhu, the driver of the semi-truck, with sixteen counts of dangerous operation of a motor vehicle causing death and 13 counts of dangerous operation of a motor vehicle causing bodily injury. He stated concern about the "poor first responders, them guysthey were the ones getting the people out of there, they were the ones making the decisions". Laynes rapid progress through that first year had proven much of the doubtful prognosis wrong. [132], On May 17, the committee announced that it would begin the process of distributing the funds raised through the GoFundMe campaign. [27] Police detained and later released the truck driver. The sun was not in his eyes, the road was not affected by any inclement weather, and the intersection was clearly visible before the collision. Saskatchewan premier wondered if military His parents' decision to donate his organs inspired many Canadians to register as organ donors, leading to the largest number of organ donor registrations in Canadian history, known as the "Logan Boulet Effect. Carley can see traces of the past in the way Layne moves today flickers of that smooth, second-nature rhythm as he stickhandles forward, finding the balance in each stride toward the goal. Bowes also suggested a staff meeting to re-examine standard operating procedures to see what might have been done differently to prevent a recurrence of the mix-up. Layne was alive and in the wake of April 6, 2018, life itself seemed like a miracle. 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3L4. Hed suffered serious facial fractures and a broken sternum. Layne followed Crosby through the Penguins locker room, without shoes on as though he was just another one of the guys and talked about the kind of sticks and skates they both like to use. Inside the thoughts of the PSAC strike, Joel Kotkin: The inhumanity of the green agenda. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. [66], Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, April 8, 2018, Numerous dignitaries and politicians in Canada expressed their condolences after the accident, including Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, and her husband, Prince Philip,[66] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau,[67] Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe, and Alberta Premier Rachel Notley. [105] On April 14, during game one of the series between the Toronto Raptors and Washington Wizards in the 2018 NBA playoffs, Canadian rapper Drake wore a Humboldt Broncos sweater, which he had the Raptors team sign after the game. Fourteen of the 29 A celebration of life for Logan Schatz was held on April 15 in, The funeral for Evan Thomas was held April 16 at, A public memorial was held on April 17 at, A private service was held for Parker Tobin in, The funerals for Conner Lukan and Dayna Brons took place on April 18, in, The funeral for Mark Cross was scheduled for April 21, in, This page was last edited on 10 April 2023, at 00:29. The bus sustained massive damage, particularly at the front. Exclusive articles by Conrad Black, Barbara Kay, Rex Murphy and others. Reportedly, she was waiting at the eastbound stop sign on Highway 335 to make the turn onto Highway 35 and saw the bus approaching in the northbound lane of Highway 35 at what seemed to her as "regular highway speed". The wreckage of a fatal crash outside of Tisdale, Sask. The family was at the funeral, when the man himself arrived at the sisters house to say he wasnt dead. Hes not done healing: Surviving the devastating Sidhu's truck was completely blocking the intersection when the Broncos' bus slammed into the lead trailer. [65], Prince Philip and I were saddened to hear word of the crash involving the Humboldt Broncos hockey team. That March, the Matechuks flew to Pittsburgh to meet Sidney Crosby, who presented Layne with his high school diploma. WebHumboldt Broncos bus crash. She felt relief confident that her brother would be back. [145] In addition, a fake Twitter account and GoFundMe account were set up under the name of one of the more vocal injured players, Ryan Straschnitzki. Although there have been two multiple fatality collisions at the intersection, the location does not have a high overall frequency of collisions, including high-severity collisions, the review concludes. The situation in Saskatchewan was complex for several reasons. The saying was perfect for them a way to remember that no matter what obstacles life brought, theyd always be connected. A (Top photo: Darryl Dyck / Imago/ZUMA Press). [25][26] The truck driver was not injured in the crash. Joseph said rumble strips would slow drivers down and he thinks better sight lines would have allowed bus driver Glen Doerksen more of an opportunity to see the truck. As the weeks went on, Carley held his hand and told him she was there. [75] The league's board of governors, which is composed of representatives from each member club, unanimously decided on April 11 to allow the two remaining teams in the play-offs (the Nipawin Hawks and Estevan Bruins) to play for the league championship. Layne did stability exercises with his eyes closed, like standing on a single leg. McGuire Award of Excellence", "Fourth annual Canadian Transplant Association Green Shirt Day in honour of Humboldt Broncos defenseman Logan Boulet encourages organ donation conversations and registrations", "Green Shirt Day: Be inspired to be an organ donor" Kidney Foundation, "Green Shirt Day promotes organ donation awareness," BC Transplant, April 7, 2021, "Canadians join Jersey Day to honour Humboldt Broncos 'We are all one team', "Canadians stand with Humboldt in their best jerseys", "Drake honours Humboldt with Broncos jersey at Raptors' playoffs opener", "Henderson wins sixth LPGA title in memory of Humboldt", "Estevan Bruins stop to pay respects at Humboldt Broncos bus crash site", "Hockey stick tributes for team in devastating crash", "Humboldt Broncos supporters across Canada, U.S. leave hockey sticks outside in tribute", "Call for 15 hockey sticks became much more at home of grandparents of Humboldt crash victim", "Kingston musician's song about Humboldt bus crash goes viral", "PHOTOS: Memorial grows at Humboldt Broncos bus crash site", "Tom Cochrane reworks 'Big League' lyrics to honour Humboldt Broncos", "Tom Cochrane performs in tribute to Humboldt Broncos", "Tom Cochrane releases his reworked version of 'Big League'", "Humboldt Broncos survivor's heartbeat tattooed onto loved ones' skin", "Humboldt Broncos tribute concert: Musicians lift spirits, honour bus crash victims", "Humboldt Broncos player Graysen Cameron returns to Olds for start of lacrosse season", "GoFundMe for Humboldt Broncos bus crash victims surpasses $5M", "GoFundMe for Humboldt Broncos closes with over $15M donated", "Humboldt Broncos GoFundMe passes $10M: Why people around the world are donating", "Fundraiser by Sylvie Kellington: Funds for Humboldt Broncos", "Where will the money go? He worked through apps on his phone designed to stimulate his cognitive ability. I mean, thats pretty much all weve got, right? CNN.com - Car plows through market, killing 9 - Jul. 17, Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience. He smiled wide enough for his father, standing on the sidelines, to see. When it returned, he had to relearn how to talk. We definitely want to make the roads safer, Joseph said. [51], The RCMP returned to the scene of the crash on April 19, 2018, to do additional analysis and testing with reconstructionists and officers. It was an intensive process. But it was impossible to process just how deeply the tragedy had affected complete strangers, people who knew what it was like to travel with a team, toward simple, carefree dreams. Postmedia is committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles. In early 2019, Sidhu pleaded guilty to the charges and was sentenced to eight years in prison. One of them was the large number of victims who had suffered terrible injuries that rendered them less recognizable. [88], On April 7, a moment of silence was observed before the NCAA college hockey championship in Minnesota. A screen grab from an aerial video of the scene. The final recommendation was for families of the deceased to receive $50,000 more than the survivors. A picture has begun to emerge, however, of the scene where a tractor trailer and a highway coach carrying the Humboldt Broncos junior hockey team crashed in rural Saskatchewan on Friday. [82] After the news of Logan Boulet's organ donation, 3,071 Albertans registered as organ donors in a single weekend, compared to the province's weekly average of 425. Humboldt Broncos crash: How bodies are identified by the authorities, Victim in Humboldt Broncos misidentified, Saskatchewan Ministry of Justice says, One of the victims of the fatal Humboldt Broncos bus crash has been misidentified, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Justice announced Monday, saying that Xavier Labelle is not deceased and condolences were being sent to the family of Parker Tobin who is one of the 15 killed in the crash Apr 9, 2018, How to deal with grief in the wake of the Humboldt Broncos tragedy, No training for what happened with Humboldt Broncos bus crash, Saskatchewan Health Authority: Never seen mass casualty like Humboldt Broncos bus crash, Canadians remember Humbolt Broncos crash victims with hashtag #PutYourSticksOut, Itll be there forever: Nipawin fire chief describes Humboldt Broncos bus crash scene, Ukraines national hockey team pays tribute to Humboldt Broncos, The long road to healing after the Humboldt Broncos bus crash tragedy, Humboldt Broncos Jacob Leicht remembered as lovable goofball, Humboldt Broncos chaplain says community invested in players, bus crash horrific situation, Sheldon Kennedy says he spoke to Broncos players about survivors guilt and how to cope after tragedy, Humboldt Broncos honoured by Rod Stewart during Calgary concert, Canada grieves as tearful memorial held for Humboldt Broncos, Memorial grows at Saskatchewan arena for Humboldt Broncos, Humboldt Broncos vigil: Tears, hugs with conclusion of service, Humboldt Broncos vigil: Soulful rendition of Amazing Grace performed by Araba Quaye, Coroners Office addresses misidentification of victim in Humboldt Broncos bus crash, Wildfires prompt mandatory evacuations of Entwistle, Evansburg west of Edmonton, Body of missing 8-year-old girl found in Maskwacis, 3rd suspect charged, A lot of variables why misidentification can happen: Coroners Office, New information led to proper identification of Humboldt Broncos victim: Coroners Office, Violent Sunday in Whalley after person stabbed, another shot close by: Surrey RCMP, Days numbered for REVS, Burnabys last remaining bowling alley, Canadians are worried about shrinkflation and if its here to stay: poll, PSAC and Treasury Board reach deal ending job action for 120,000 workers, CRA members remain on strike, PSAC strike: Feds say final offer to union has enhanced wage package, The Stone of Destinys ancient, iconic role in King Charles coronation, PSAC strike: Feds say final offer to union has enhanced wage package, Weekly grocery bill has increased by over $100 say 1 in 5 Canadians: poll, PSAC strike: No word on working from home for deal with feds. Carley Matechuk pinballed down endless Saskatchewan highways, unsure how to reach her little brother on that frantic, weightless night. She stated in an interview she had to swing her vehicle away seconds before the crash to avoid being sandwiched by the two vehicles. It was a clear, sunny day and nothing obscured Sidhu's view of the stop sign, according to the agreed statement of facts. The tattoos still match: PMA. Those letters still connect and define them. We lost our son and we're just hoping to avoid future accidents like that. He looked like himself from the neck down, Carley says. Daily puzzles including the New York Times Crossword. In November 2021, the Matechuks traveled to British Columbia to see if therapy with the PONS device would benefit Layne. Glen Doerksen, the Broncos' bus driver, applied his brakes 24 metres before the intersection, but was unable to avoid the collision. [55] In March 2019, Singh pleaded guilty to five counts, with the logs and safety program charges having been dropped, and was fined $5000. Looking back to those hopeful months after the crash, as Layne started to return she now saw naivety about what a traumatic brain injury really looked like. According to a statement released April 18, 2018, Assistant Commissioner Curtis Zablocki, the Commanding Officer of the Saskatchewan RCMP, would not announce any charges related to the crash. Several teams added special decals to their helmets to honour the Broncos. [25] The owner of the trucking company later confirmed that the truck driver was receiving psychological support since his release. They found Layne face down, beneath the bus roof. The driver and 13passengers were killed immediately. They were there for 2 1/2 weeks, as Layne worked with Mathieu Gagnon, a kinesiologist from the clinic. [121], On April 27, 2018, a Country Thunder Humboldt Broncos tribute concert was planned. Authorities in Saskatchewan apologized Monday for an identity mix-up in which a hockey player was identified as among the 15 killed in last weeks bus crash only to discover it was, in fact, his teammate that was killed. You can practically count them on the fingers of your hands. WebJaskirat Singh Sidhu was behind the wheel of the transport truck when it blew through a stop sign and collided with the Broncos bus at full speed on April 6, 2018. [163][164], In October 2019, the Adams Park Ice Centre in Lethbridge Alberta was renamed to Logan Boulet Arena. His lap was three times faster than itd been the previous year. Holy Cross Cemetery Culver City, California - Atlas humboldt county. [116], Four days after the Humboldt Broncos crash, musician Tom Cochrane appeared on Canadian sports network TSN to perform an acoustic version of his song "Big League" before hockey coverage began. The brain injury was so severe that the experts working with Layne told his family that they simply couldnt know what to expect. Humboldt Broncos crash: How bodies are identified by the The Crown requested a 10-year prison sentence, with each count to be served concurrently, followed by a 10-year driving ban. A return that seemed impossible just nine months earlier, when their world stopped. National Post ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition to view on any device, share and comment on. [160][161] Most of the surviving players were in attendance and following the game, the numbers of all players on the bus were formally retired by the team. Human fatigue was also considered, since "motorists travelling Highway 335 could assume it's an uncontrolled intersection and 'overlook' the stop signsince it's the only major intersection for more than 20 kilometres in either direction". Layne stepped onto the ice and took a stride forward. Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments. [91] The episode was devoted to discussing the 29 coaches, players, trainers, and media associated with the team that were on the bus, and also commented about the December 1986 Swift Current Broncos bus crash. Despite scoring the first goal of the game, the Broncos lost the season opener by the score of 21. You know a lot of people say Layne is an inspiration but having this positive feedback inspires us too.. [133] In November 2018, the committee recommended that funds were distributed almost equally among survivors and the families of the deceased. The sun The funeral for Tyler Bieber was held on April 12 in Humboldt. And as he grew in size and talent, and advanced to more competitive teams bantam in Humboldt, midget in Prince Albert Carley did all she could to watch her little brother play. [135], The Canalta Hotel offered free rooms to family members travelling to Saskatchewan after the crash and provided food and support. (CP) Vivian York recalls that the debris was still flying when she drove up to an intersection where the Humboldt Empty ice and the chill of familiar details haunt Humboldt after bus crash kills 15, Canadian NHL players and coaches reflect on Humboldt Broncos bus crash, Disbelief, grief and shows of support flood social media in wake of Humboldt Broncos bus crash, 'The tears just keep coming': Humboldt Broncos captain and head coach among dead after Sask. Learning how to swallow. The RCMP have charged the trucks driver, Jaskirat Sidhu, with 16 counts of dangerous driving causing death and 13 counts of dangerous driving causing bodily injury. [100], The event also promotes conversations about organ donation within families and communities. [137] Other groups such as STARS Air Ambulance and Ronald McDonald House, were credited by family members of those injured for providing support after the accident and during family members' recovery. [140], Toledo Walleye players and coaches raised $6,040 through a jersey auction during their April 13, 2018, game and then raised the donation total to $10,000 through the teams Walleye Wishing Well charity fund. We apologize, but this video has failed to load. The Foundation's mission will be to support the Broncos' players, employees, families, and volunteers, as well as first responders, emergency personnel, teams, athletes, organizations, and community affected by the crash and the aftermath. [119], At least two tattoo tributes were carried out by those connected to the crash. WebSurvivors of the Humboldt Broncos bus crash, left to right: Brayden Camrud, Derek Patter, Tyler Smith, Jacob Wassermann, Chris Beaudry, Graysen Cameron and Bryce Fiske. [138], Wounded Warriors Canada have offered support for the first responders involved with the crash. Its the most complicated thing.. Exclusive articles by Conrad Black, Barbara Kay, Rex Murphy and others. Negotiating with the landowner to remove the trees is one of 13 recommendations included in the report. The book memorializes the accident and the deceased victims, and also discusses his journey through his type one diabetes diagnosis and his father's medical diagnosis prior to the accident. [165], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}530613N 1040135W / 53.1037N 104.0265W / 53.1037; -104.0265. The 13 survivors of the Humboldt Broncos bus crash: But she believed he was. The teams name is the Colonsay Limp Sticks, he says. [50] Previously, members of the RCMP had conducted more than 50 interviews with independent witnesses, the driver of the semi-trailer truck, the trucking company's owner, victims, and other individuals. In addition to those who died, 13 people on the bus were injured. Exclusive articles by Conrad Black, Barbara Kay, Rex Murphy and others. Kevin and Shelley spent more than 15 hours a day at the hospital through those early months. [144] Families of those who died due to the accident discovered a website with error-filled obituaries of 11 of the 16 victims; the public could then purchase an online memorial candle or flowers, although the money would not be donated. This means that 100,000 new registrants equals approximately 400,000 conversations. Half a year after the crash, he was using simple phrases. [138], The Atlanta Gladiators organization raised $4,200 through an auction of a stick signed by the team and the Greenville Swamp Rabbits, a game-worn Davis Vandane jersey, and a matching donation from the Gladiators for Kids foundation. hanford-corcoran. [147], Two television documentary films on the team's return to the ice, CBC Television's Humboldt: The New Season[148] and TSN's 2 Roads to Humboldt, received Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards, the former for Best Documentary Program and the latter for Best Sports Feature Segment. Two siblings and two friends of survivor Morgan Gobeil had his heartbeat, measured at the hospital, tattooed onto their arms at Rites of Passage Tattoo, who also said fans were making bookings for tribute tattoos, such as of jerseys and team numbers. He had only been driving the vehicle on his own for two weeks when the crash occurred. [50] It was also stated during the press conference that the truck driver was in the intersection at the time of collision, but Assistant Commissioner Zablocki said he could not comment on its speed when the crash took place. Access articles from across Canada with one account. A 70-page safety review done for the Saskatchewan government and released Wednesday said a stand of trees, mostly on private property, obstructs the view of drivers approaching from the south and east the same directions the bus and semi-trailer were coming from when they collided. In June 1997, a half-ton truck and a semi-trailer crashed leaving six members of the same family dead. She and her mother commented on his hockey feet, which looked the same. [95], On June 20, 2018, 10 survivors of the crash were honoured at the 2018 NHL Awards in Las Vegas. Aerial photos show the front of the Broncos team bus has been obliterated, but the front of the tractor cab remains largely intact. Unauthorized distribution, transmission or republication strictly prohibited. It warns of a road intersecting railway tracks. Want to discuss? Theyre famous in our community, he said. Follow Dan on Twitter @RobsonDan, A memorial at the scene of the crash was set up by mourners. The reports authors found six collisions at the intersection between 1990 and 2017 and another 14 on the two roads nearby. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. Layne couldnt use his voice for several months. [90] The April 7 broadcast of Coach's Corner on Hockey Night in Canada focused on the incident, with Don Cherry describing it as a "national nightmare". Photo by Jonathan Hayward/The Canadian Press/File, The most dangerous roads in Canada: Why its so deadly to drive in Saskatchewan, Humboldt Broncos bus crash: What the photos show about the point of impact, 'You close your eyes and you still see the accident': The story of the tragic Humboldt Broncos bus crash, Laurent Duvernay-Tardifsets sights on what's next, Top performing coffee grinders for the perfect morning cup, EXCLUSIVE: Vitamix introduces FoodCycler turning food waste into plant food, 5 high-performance blow dryers for all hair types, This Just In: Dr. Jart+ Cicapair Tiger Grass Camo Drops, Carolina Herrara Good Girl Blush, and Caudalie Vinoperfect Dark Circle Brightening Eye Cream, tap here to see other videos from our team. bus crash, Laurent Duvernay-Tardifsets sights on what's next, Top performing coffee grinders for the perfect morning cup, EXCLUSIVE: Vitamix introduces FoodCycler turning food waste into plant food, 5 high-performance blow dryers for all hair types, This Just In: Dr. Jart+ Cicapair Tiger Grass Camo Drops, Carolina Herrara Good Girl Blush, and Caudalie Vinoperfect Dark Circle Brightening Eye Cream, tap here to see other videos from our team, limiting visibility on both approaches to the intersection. We lost our son and were just hoping to avoid future accidents like that.. Given the frailties inherent in any identification process, errors can and do occur, Bowes said. The Matechuks didnt see Layne at Royal University Hospital in Saskatoon, where hed been airlifted, until the middle of the night, after waiting for hours at a table with their name written on it in the cafeteria next to the ICU, alongside other Broncos families waiting to learn the fate of their loved ones. [39], The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) planned a news conference[48] about the investigation into the crash. [83] It was announced later by The Kidney Foundation of Canada that in the weeks following the crash, almost 150,000 Canadians registered as organ and tissue donation due to Boulet. Get a roundup of the most important and intriguing national stories delivered to your inbox every weekday. Plus, special edition NP Platformed and First Reading newsletters and virtual events. [58][59] The court's decision as to whether Sidhu will be able to stay in Canada after his sentence is served or be deported back to India has continued since the initial legal proceedings and will likely be completed sometime in 2022. After suffering from substance abuse for years while trying to cope with the trauma of that tragedy, Wilke had become a leader in mental health advocacy working specifically with young athletes like Layne. Exclusive articles by Conrad Black, Barbara Kay, Rex Murphy and others.
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