did catherine de medici have a daughter named clarissa

Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Subscribe to our free weekly newsletter and stay up to date on History of Royal Women's articles! Thus occupied, Catherine lived privately though she was appointed regent in 1552 during Henrys absence at the siege of Metz. She therefore told him: "Since you rely on your forces, we will show you ours". Catherine ordered him to court and had him imprisoned as soon as he arrived. She took to her bed with a fever. WebMaybe it goes without saying (because The CW did make a whole TV show about it called Reign), but Catherines daughter-in-law was the equally infamous Mary, Queen of Scots. The members of the Flying Squadron were supposedly so beautiful and so good at their jobs that they were known to make men see God, or at least worship Him in a different way. Some historians have excused Catherine from blame for the worst decisions of the crown, but evidence for her ruthlessness can be found in her letters. As a baby, she was given to Nostradamus' father who tried to remove the mark but only ended up making it worse. I have done to him what he was going to do to me. It was designed by Francesco Primaticcio (15041570), with sculpture by Germain Pilon (15281590). [101] He went into hiding to fast and pray, surrounded by a bodyguard known as "the Forty-five", and left Catherine to sort out the mess. He remarried to Marie de Medici and had several children by her. Henry arrived in the bedroom with King Francis, who is said to have stayed until the marriage was consummated. Died in infancy. He defeated the dukes of Guise and Nemours, but the young Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, knocked him half out of the saddle. At first, Catherine compromised and made concessions to the rebelling Calvinist Protestants, or Huguenots, as they became known. Catherine de Medici was born in Florence, Italy, on April 13, 1519. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Catherine then spent an hour trying to make Margaret presentable again. The 10 years from 1560 to 1570 were, politically, the most important of Catherines life. Prince Henry showed no interest in Catherine as a wife; instead, he openly took mistresses. Her eldest daughter was Elisabeth, and she was born on 2 April 1545. In fact, by her death, that land was filled with regrets, and M. de Lorraine mourned her so much that, though he was young when widowed of her, he would not marry again, saying he could never find her like, though could he do so he would remarry, not being disinclined. [82], Two years later, Catherine faced a new crisis with the death of Charles IX at the age of twenty-three. Suspicions of poison abounded, from Catherine to Emperor Charles V.[24] Sebastiano de Montecuccoli confessed under torture to poisoning the Dauphin.[24]. Knecht 1998, p. 28, gives likely incorrect dates of 25 September 1533 for the death of Pope Clement VII and 12 October for the election of Pope Paul III. Catherine met Coligny, but he refused to back down. On 24 June 1556, Catherine gave birth to twin daughters Joan and Victoire. Catherine de' Medici The Untold Truth Of Catherine De Medici Three of her sons became kings of France, while two of her daughters married kings and one married a duke. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter and stay up to date on History of Royal Women's articles! [104] Philip II of Spain prepared for an invasion of England. Despite her optimism, the resulting Colloquy of Poissy ended in failure on 13 October 1561, dissolving itself without her permission. Mark Strage described these years as "the happiest of her entire life". WebHistorically, by Louis, she had two daughters, who were influential members of the royal household- there's no mention of a son like in the show, Sebastian . [108] Henry did not tell Catherine of his plan for a solution to his problems. [46], When Catherine realized Francis was going to die, she made a pact with Antoine de Bourbon by which he would renounce his right to the regency of the future king, Charles IX, in return for the release of his brother Cond. Rumours immediately spread that Catherine had ordered Joans death, but she had nothing to gain the wedding contract had already been signed. [57] Catherine, however, was delighted with the death of her ally. However, Catherine's ability to bear children failed to improve her marriage. "[131] Catherine also commissioned Germain Pilon to carve the marble sculpture that contains Henry II's heart. The most famous of Catherines daughters was born on 14 May 1553. Sutherland, Yet on 22 December 1588, Guise spent the night with his current mistress. [15] The city finally surrendered on 12 August 1530. To this end, she set out with Charles and the court on a progress around France that lasted from January 1564 until May 1565. Charles and Claude had a happy marriage, and their close proximity to the French court meant that they were able to visit Catherine often. Catherine de' Medici Slowly, however, he lost his sight, speech, and reason, and on 10 July 1559 he died, aged 40. My name is Moniek and I am from the Netherlands. Diane and Catherine Died: January 5, 1589, in Blois, France. She was one of the most influential personalities of the CatholicHuguenot wars (Wars of Religion; 156298). The papal nuncio Salviati observed, "it is only with difficulty that we can imagine there will be offspring physicians and those who know him well say that he has an extremely weak constitution and will not live long." She presided over his council, decided policy, and controlled state business and patronage. The start of Season One, in 1557, Diane de Poitiers was actually 58 years old. Henry IV was later reported to have said of Catherine: I ask you, what could a woman do, left by the death of her husband with five little children on her arms, and two families of France who were thinking of grasping the crownour own [the Bourbons] and the Guises? She quickly terminated the second (September 1567March 1568) with the Peace of Longjumeau, a renewal of Amboise. At the age of five and a half, Mary was brought to the French court, where she was promised to the Dauphin, Francis. I have had him killed. Claude was described with the words, In her beauty she resembled her mother, in her knowledge and kindness she resembled her aunt; and the people of Lorraine found her ever kind as long as she lived, as I myself have seen when I went to that country; and after her death they found much to say of her. This rejection was one basic element in the outbreak of civil war in 1562, in whichas she had predictedCatherine fell, politically, into the clutches of the extremists, because the Catholic crown might protect its Protestant subjects in law but could not defend them in arms. Clarissa de Medici. Catherine saw little of her husband in their first year of marriage, but the ladies of the court, impressed with her intelligence and keenness to please, treated her well. Yes, Catherine De Medici has an illegitimate child named Clarissa Delacroix, after her affair with Richard Delacroix. Their sister Mary of Guise had married James V of Scotland in 1538 and was the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [62] Taken unawares, the court fled to Paris in disarray. During his reign, Henry excluded Catherine from state affairs and instead showered favours on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him. Essentially, however, there exists no concrete proof that either woman took part in the occult, and it is now believed that Catherine's trouble in providing an heir was in fact due to Henry II's penile deformity.[142]. Your email address will not be published. Clarissa Delacroix (1539-1557) was the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici and the French noble Richard Delacroix. Sebastian instead had Clarissa poisoned to fulfill Nostradamus' prophecy that Mary's arrival at the French court would cause Catherine's firstborn's death; Clarissa was technically Catherine's first child, and her death supposedly saved the sickly Prince Francis, the oldest legitimate child, from his own death. [102] The monarchy had lost control of the country, and was in no position to assist England in the face of the coming Spanish attack. Updates? The legend that de' Medici introduced a long list of foods, techniques and utensils from Italy to France is discredited by food historians. Henry II At the age of fifty-nine, she embarked on an eighteen-month journey around the south of France to meet Huguenot leaders face to face. [44], In June 1560, Michel de l'Hpital was appointed Chancellor of France. 15 Feb 1471, d. 28 Dec 1503. Joan became even sicker, and she died, shortly before her son arrived, on 9 June. "[136][139], Catherine de' Medici has been labelled by Wiccan Gerald Gardner a "sinister Queen noted for her interest in the occult arts". Catherine de' Medici Medici Three of her sons were kings of France: Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. From the notorious to the half-forgotten, Queens of Infamy, a Longreads series by Anne Thriault, focuses on badass world-historical women of centuries past. Hoogvliet, 111. The young couple had been married the year before at Amboise as part of the alliance between King Francis I of France and Lorenzo's uncle Pope Leo X against the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Henry of Navarre, son of Jeanne dAlbret, and Margaret of Valois, Catherines daughter. [146] As a result, some (more extreme) authors[147] believe Catherine to be the creator of the Black Mass, a Satanic inversion of the traditional Catholic Mass, although there is little to prove this aside from Jean Bodin's account in his book De la dmonomanie des sorciers. Victoire was born safely but Joan did not want to come and Catherine began to weaken quickly. Catherine, who was said to have received the news without emotion, made a tearful visit to Coligny and promised to punish his attacker. His choice thwarted Catherine's plans for a political marriage to a foreign princess. [85] Catherine did all in her power to bring Francis back into the fold. Of the chateaus she designed herselfincluding the TuileriesChenonceaux was her unfinished masterpiece. Claude gave birth to Catherines first grandson, named Henry, on 8 November 1563. On 16 October 1568, Catherine wrote to Elisabeths husband to offer advice during Elisabeths pregnancy. She had known Mary since the age of five and a half, when the little Scottish queen was brought to Paris and raised alongside Catherines own children. The League took control of much of northern France to secure French ports for his armada. Catherine was heard yelling at her for taking lovers. Henry's reign also saw the rise of the Guise brothers, Charles, who became a cardinal, and Henry's boyhood friend Francis, who became Duke of Guise. Did Queen Catherine of France have a deformed daughter? Her ability and eloquence were acclaimed after the Spanish victory of Saint-Quentin in Picardy in 1557, possibly the origin of her perpetual fear of Spain, which remained, through changing circumstances, the touchstone of her judgments. She later did her best to efface or outdo Diane's building work there. On one occasion, in March 1578, she lectured him for six hours about his dangerously subversive behaviour. He often hid from state affairs, immersing himself in acts of piety, such as pilgrimages and flagellation. The death of her husband's older brother in 1536 made Henry and Catherine next in line for the throne. Catherine de' Medici's parents die when she was a baby; however, it was from separate sicknesses. Through the intervention of Doctor Jean Fernel, the royal couple went on to have 10 children. "As the daughter of the Medici," suggests French art historian Jean-Pierre Babelon, "she was driven by a passion to build and a desire to leave great achievements behind her when she died. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Her marriage to Henry would remain childless. [26] Catherine quickly conceived again and on 2 April 1545 she bore a daughter, Elisabeth. Greg Bryk, an actor, played him. "[112] She visited her old friend Cardinal de Bourbon on 1 January 1589 to tell him she was sure he would soon be freed. [69], Catherine looked to further Valois interests by grand dynastic marriages. The treaty became known as the Peace of Monsieur because it was thought that Francis had forced it on the crown. What happened to King Francis of France mother? In 1558, she was considered for Don Carlos, the eldest son of King Philip II of Spain. WebCatherine's mother died when she was two-weeks-old and her father soon afterwards. Catherine de Medici was best known for being the queen consort of Henry II of France (154759) and regent of France. Henry hired Swiss troops to help him defend himself in Paris. Therefore, her policies may be seen as desperate measures to keep the House of Valois on the throne at all costs and her patronage of the arts as an attempt to glorify a monarchy whose prestige was in steep decline. Its principal purpose was to execute the edict and, through a meeting at Bayonne in June 1565, to seek to strengthen peaceful relations between the crown and Spain and to negotiate for Charless marriage to Elizabeth of Austria. "If Monsieur de Guise had perished sooner", she told the Venetian ambassador, "peace would have been achieved more quickly". [117], An inventory drawn up at the Htel de la Reine after Catherine's death shows her to have been a keen collector. On 12 May 1588, they set up barricades in the streets and refused to take orders from anyone except the Duke of Guise. [65] She told the Venetian ambassador in June 1568 that all one could expect from Huguenots was deceit, and she praised the Duke of Alba's reign of terror in the Netherlands, where Calvinists and rebels were put to death in the thousands. WebCatherine de' Medici married Henry, Duke of Orlans, the future Henry II of France, in Marseille on 28 October 1533. She retreated to her property at Agen and begged her mother for money. Catherine's daughter, Marguerite, was understandably not thrilled with a scheme that involved her mother seducing her husband by proxy. [32] Catherine brought her up with her own children at the French court, while Mary of Guise governed Scotland as her daughter's regent.[33]. Frieda 2003, p. 48 (NY edition): "J'ai reu la fille toute nue." Art historian Henri Zerner has called this monument "the last and most brilliant of the royal tombs of the Renaissance. Unlike the proposals of Poissy, the edict was law, which the Protestants accepted and the Catholics rejected. By 1587, the Catholic backlash against the Protestants had become a campaign across Europe. Catherine now rallied both Huguenot and Catholic forces to retake Le Havre from the English. Princess Margaret of Valois, also known as Margot,is the daughter of Catherine de Medici and Henry II. But she was unable to avert its revocation (August 1568), which heralded the third civil war. [141] An infertile woman, and in particular an infertile queen, was therefore regarded as 'unnatural' and a small step from supernatural. Over the years, Catherine gave birth to ten children of which five were daughters. In 1585, Margaret fled Navarre again. Catherines dowry was considered too small and alliances between royalty and merchant families like the Medicis, however rich, were still unusual. Not much later, she actually married Philip himself when he was widowed upon the death of Queen Mary I of England. About 1538, at the age of 19, Henry had taken as his mistress the 38-year-old Diane de Poitiers,[27] whom he adored for the rest of his life. Ronsard may be referring to Artemisia, who drank the ashes of her dead husband, which became part of her own body. His interest in the tasks of government, however, proved fitful. To save Catherines life, baby Joan dead or dying had her legs broken to remove her from her mothers womb. The murder triggered an aristocratic blood feud that complicated the French civil wars for years to come. She inflicts her emotional pain on her mother and her siblings upon her arrival. The fourteen-year-old couple left their wedding ball at midnight to perform their nuptial duties. She was not primarily responsible for the more far-reaching Treaty of Saint-Germain (August 1570), but she succeeded in disgracing the Guises. I am surprised that she never did worse. Nevertheless, the wedding did take place, at Nice in 1533. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In this cause, he recruited the great Catholic princes, nobles and prelates, signed the treaty of Joinville with Spain, and prepared to make war on the "heretics". At times he even felt well enough to dictate letters and listen to music. The challenges Catherine faced were complex and in some ways difficult for her to comprehend as a foreigner. Spouse: King Henry II. [35] Henry reeled out of the clash, his face pouring blood, with splinters "of a good bigness" sticking out of his eye and head. In many parts of France the rule of nobles held sway rather than that of the crown. It has been suggested that Catherine educated her son, Henry III, in the dark arts,[145] and that "the two devoted themselves to sorceries that were scandals of the age". Catherines second great political crisis came with the premature death on December 5, 1560, of Francis II, whose royal authority the Guises had monopolized. On 34 April 1559, Henry signed the Peace of Cateau-Cambrsis with the Holy Roman Empire and England, ending a long period of Italian Wars. [141] This may be particularly true for Catherine as an Italian woman ruling in France; several historians argue that she was disliked by her French subjects, who labelled her "the Italian woman". Philip II excused himself from the occasion. [35] There is reason to believe she was party to the decision when on 23 August Charles IX is said to have ordered, "Then kill them all! Victoire (24 June 1556 17 August 1556). It is also necessary to understand this political struggle of the Catholic crown with its own ultramontane extremists and to perceive its fluctuations in changing circumstances, in order to realize the fundamental consistency of Catherines career. They chose therefore to strike first and wipe out the Huguenot leaders while they were still in Paris after the wedding. Catherine believing her daughter had died in the forest, while Clarissa never knew who her birth parents were. She may have owed her change of fortune to the physician Jean Fernel, who may have noticed slight abnormalities in the couple's sexual organs and advised them how to solve the problem. [110] Immediately after the murder of Guise, Henry entered Catherine's bedroom on the floor below and announced, "Please forgive me. To some extent she was eclipsed by Louis of Nassau and a group of Flemish exiles and youthful Protestants who surrounded the King and urged him to make war upon Spain in the Netherlands, which Catherine inevitably resisted. According to a contemporary chronicler, when Catherine was born, her parents were "as pleased as if it had been a boy". After Franciss death, Catherine wrote to her daughter, Ma fille (my daughter) mamie (my friend), commend yourself to God, for you have seen me as happy as you are now, never knowing any sorrow but that I was not loved as much as I wished to be by the King your father, who honoured me more than I deserved, but I loved him so much that I was always in fear, as you know; and God has taken him from me and, not content with that, has deprived me of your brother.. In 1578, she took on the task of pacifying the south. Nevertheless, the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, signed on 8 August 1570 because the royal army ran out of cash, conceded wider toleration to the Huguenots than ever before. Princess Henriette, Princess Henriette, Princess Margaret, and Clarissa all died young, leaving Catherine with an illegitimate daughter. Clarice de' Medici The death of Pope Leo in 1521 briefly interrupted Medici power until Cardinal Giulio de' Medici was elected Pope Clement VII in 1523. Learn how your comment data is processed. For the next two years Catherines policy was one of peace and general reconciliation. Catherine de' Medici Biography Many historians have blamed Catherine for the attack on Coligny. She was left with a desire for revenge against her mother, saving Mary, Queen of Scots from Colin MacPhail when Catherine sent Colin to rape her in 1557; she then helped Colin in attempting to escape from prison by marking another prisoner for death in his stead. Catherine outlived all her children except Henry III, who died seven months after her, and Margaret, who inherited her robust health. Catherine de [56] The Catholics took Rouen, but their triumph was short-lived. [29] Henry gave the Chteau of Chenonceau, which Catherine had wanted for herself, to Diane de Poitiers, who took her place at the centre of power, dispensing patronage and accepting favours. The Guise brothers set about persecuting the Protestants with zeal. What was Catherine de Medici best known for? Her merciful Edict of Amboise (March 1560) was followed in May by that of Romorantin, which distinguished heresy from sedition, thereby detaching faith from allegiance. [130] As the centrepiece of an ambitious new chapel, she commissioned a magnificent tomb for Henry at the basilica of Saint Denis. There is so much treachery about that I die of fear. Historica Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. It was only after Leo's death in 1521, that his successor, Adrian VI, restored the duchy to its rightful owner, Francesco Maria I della Rovere. Under her son, Francis II, power was retained by the Guise brothers. * * *. She was just 11 years old when she married Charles, Duke of Lorraine in January 1559 in a splendid ceremony at the Notre-Dame. Her three other daughters did survive to adulthood. Possibly Catherines most concrete achievement was the Edict of January 1562, which followed the failure of reconciliation. Today marks the 500th anniversary of the day Catherine de' Medici (15191589) came into this world. Catherine sent her only enough "to put food on her table". Henry insisted on riding against Montgomery again, and this time, Montgomery's lance shattered in the king's face. [34] Their proxy wedding, in Paris on 22 June 1559, was celebrated with festivities, balls, masques, and five days of jousting. Under Salic law, by which only males could ascend the throne, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre now became heir presumptive to the French crown.[35]. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); To celebrate the 500th birthday of the formidable Catherine de Medici, we will be posting seven articles over the next seven days about her. [38] The English ambassador reported a few days later that "the house of Guise ruleth and doth all about the French king". [67] "We have come to the determination to die, all of us", Jeanne wrote to Catherine, "rather than abandon our God, and our religion. Some even suggested that she be handed over to the troops to be used for their sexual gratification. Henry was a prize catch for Catherine, who, despite her wealth, was of common origin. Viscount Catherine's former lover and Clarissa's father was Richard DelaCroix. On her visit to Rome, the Venetian envoy described Catherine as "small of stature, and thin, and without delicate features, but having the protruding eyes peculiar to the Medici family". Artistic, energetic, and extraverted, as well as discreet, courageous, and gay, Catherine was greatly esteemed at the dazzling court of Francis I, from which she derived both her political attitudes and her passion for building. "[94] She was under no illusions, however. Now she sought a marriage between Margaret and Henry III of Navarre, Jeanne's son, with the aim of uniting Valois and Bourbon interests. Catherine visited the deathbed of Antoine de Bourbon, King of Navarre, after he was fatally wounded by an arquebus shot. "[68] Catherine called Jeanne, whose decision to rebel posed a dynastic threat to the Valois, "the most shameless woman in the world". [8] King Francis wanted Catherine to be raised at the French court, but Pope Leo refused, claiming he wanted her to marry Ippolito de' Medici. She herself supervised their education. In October 1586, therefore, he had Margaret locked up in the Chteau d'Usson.

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