which of the following was a progressive era reform

[37] He tried for a national leadership role in 1912 but blundered badly in a highly embarrassing speech to leading journalists. During the progressive era, opponents of political reform included many memebers of all of the following except: The middle class: 25: 13483901625: During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried: Create city managers: 26: 13483901626: The initiative and referendum were progressive era political reforms, designed to weaken During prohibition, the mafia was able to grow their stronghold on illegal activities throughout the United States. Such scientific management applied to the domestic sphere was presented as a solution to the dilemma and the black middle-class women faced in terms of searching for meaning and fulfillment in their role of housekeeping. The Progressive Party wanted to put more power into the hands of the average American citizen. [194], Roosevelt's Antitrust record over eight years included 18 civil cases and 26 criminal antitrust cases resulting in 22 convictions and 22 acquittals. Links. Progressives also advocated new government roles and regulations, and new agencies to carry out those roles, such as the FDA. Moreover, many believed that the great business interests, represented by newly formed associations such as the National Civic Federation, had captured and corrupted the men and methods of government for their own profit. Progressive Amendments addressed several issues facing American society. Digital History ID 2918 - University of Houston Dayton adopted his policies; by 1920, 177 American cities had followed suit and adopted city manager governments. In the early 20th century, there was a rise in political corruption, fraudulent conduct by people in power in the United States. This legislation addressed pressing issues that Americans faced as a result of industrialization, urbanization, political corruption, and immigration. By reducing the number of elected officials and consolidating their power in singular officials like a governor they hoped to increase accountability and clarity in government. Convinced that the bosses had stolen the nomination from him, Roosevelt led his followers out of the Republican convention. Correct Answer(s) [249], The Flexner Report of 1910, sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation, professionalized American medicine by discarding the scores of local small medical schools and focusing national funds, resources, and prestige on larger, professionalized medical schools associated with universities. He appealed to the businessman with the gospel of efficiency in municipal affairs, run by non-partisan experts like himself. The major new face was Herbert Hoover. Drastic changes in land ownership posed a major challenge to local elites, who would not accept it, nor would their peasant clients. 285313. Enrollment for children (age 5 to 19) in school rose from 51 percent to 59 between 1900 and 1909. [211], While anti-imperialist sentiments had been prevalent in the United States during this time, the acquisition of the Philippines sparked the relatively minor population into action. Demands grew for local and state government to take charge. As the United States entered World War I, the Conscription Act banned the sale of liquor near military bases. "Preserving the Progressive Spirit in a Conservative Time: The Joint Reform Efforts of Justice Brandeis and Professor Frankfurter, 19161933. The Progressive movement was a political and social-reform movement that brought major changes to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [109][110] The new framework after 1914 had little or no impact on the direction and magnitude of merger activity. [254][255][256], Some Progressives sponsored eugenics as a solution to excessively large or underperforming families, hoping that birth control would enable parents to focus their resources on fewer, better children. The Progressive Era (1890-1920s) was a turning point in American history during which many important reforms were passed. The CTCA attempted to eradicate these problems from military training camps. The progressive solution was modernization through consolidation, with the result of children attending modern schools. By 1900 middle class "progressive" reformers everywhere were studying it. ", Joan Malczewski, "Weak state, stronger schools: Northern philanthropy and organizational Change in the Jim Crow South.". W. Bruce Fye, "The Origins and Evolution of the Mayo Clinic from 1864 to 1939: A Minnesota Family Practice Becomes an International 'Medical Mecca'", Barry C. Edwards, "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive? Their explicit goal was to professionalize and make "scientific" the social sciences, especially history,[8] economics,[9] and political science. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [191] Government agencies were also transformed in an effort to improve administrative efficiency. The Progressive Era brought about important social and political reform. [43] He had four major domestic priorities: the conservation of natural resources, banking reform, tariff reduction, and opening access to raw materials by breaking up Western mining trusts. Diversity and disagreement within progressivism, Causes and Effects of the Progressive Era, https://www.britannica.com/topic/progressivism, University of Tennessee, Knoxville - University Libraries - From Pi Beta Phi to Aroowmont - The Origins of Progressivism, Social Welfare History Project - Progressive Era, Oklahoma Historical Society - Progressive Movement, Wisconsin Historical Society - Progressivism and the Wisconsin Idea, Natural Law, Natural Rights and American Constitutionalism - Progressivism and America's Tradition of Natural Law and Natural Rights, The Heritage Foundation - The Progressive Movement and the Transformation of American Politics, Progressives focus on local-level wins to counter setbacks. [fact or opinion? The most important Republican was Jonathan Bourne Jr. (senator 19071913 and national leader of progressive causes 19111912). Typically, classes were taught by young local women before they married, with only occasional supervision by county superintendents. [274][275], What historians have identified as "business progressivism", with its emphasis on efficiency and typified by Henry Ford and Herbert Hoover[276] reached an apogee in the 1920s. He initially supported President Taft, but broke with Taft after the latter failed to push a reduction in tariff rates. [87], Wisconsin from 1900 to the late 1930s was a regional and national model for innovation and organization in the progressive movement. Link, North Carolina: Change and Tradition in a Southern State (2009) pp. The Commission on Training Camp Activities sought to "socialize and Americanize" troops, especially native-born and foreign-born men, to meet the expected level of societal standards and integrate them into American culture. [78], California built the most successful grass roots progressive movement in the country by mobilizing independent organizations and largely ignoring the conservative state parties. By 1905, the law was clearly a failure. At the turn of the 19th century, Americans were facing a range of. The poor rural backward state took a regional leadership role in modernizing the economy in society, based on expanded roles for public education, state universities, and more roles for middle class women. Murphy, William B. [14] He suggested that using the initiative would give political power to the working class and reduce the need for strikes. [29] The American Red Cross was reorganized and professionalized. [200] In combination with the racist attitudes of the time, there was a fear that large numbers of unskilled, low-paid workers would defeat the union's efforts to raise wages through collective bargaining. Identify the scenario that reflects how women and children benefited from "maternalist reforms.". [18] Most of the muckrakers wrote nonfiction, but fictional exposs often had a major impact as well, such as those by Upton Sinclair. Finally, the 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. A progressive amendment is a law passed at the federal level and is considered an amendment to the Constitution. "Politics in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." * By 1930, the percentage of the total workforce comprised of women was larger than the total percentage of all women who worked.-------------------------------------INCORRECT: x In 1920, there were more women in the labor force than men. A 1907 report to Secretary of War Taft provided a summary of what the American civil administration had achieved. ", Link, Arthur. They worked to limit child labor in the textile mills, and supported public health campaigns to eradicate hookworm and other debilitating diseases. The decision established that the federal government could regulate intrastate commerce when it affected interstate commerce, though Hughes avoided directly overruling the 1895 case of United States v. E. C. Knight Co..[50] As Chief Justice of the Supreme Court he took a moiderate middle position and upheld key New Deal laws. [38] Starting as a loyal organizational Republican, he broke with the bosses in the late 1890s, built up a network of local organizers loyal to him, and fought for control of the state Republican Party, with mixed success. In 1913, while revolutionaries took control of the government, Wilson judged them to be immoral, and refused to acknowledge the in-place government on that reason alone. [125], The social hygiene movement brought together different groups that were concerned with venereal disease, prostitution, society's moral standards, and family life. [138][139] A breakaway group, the National Woman's Party, tightly controlled by Alice Paul, used civil disobedience to gain publicity and force passage of suffrage. This was done through antitrust laws to promote equal competition amongst every business. Incorrect Answer(s) From hounding and driving prosperous businessman to beggery and suicide, to holding up and plundering widows and orphans, the little dealer in the country and the crippled peddler on the highwayall this is entered into the exploits of this organized gang of commercial bandits. Which of the following was one effect of the Progressive Era political reforms of initiative, referendum, and recall? The book was published as a series of articles in McClure's Magazine from 1902 to 1904. Omissions? As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Tarbell is best known for her 1904 book, The History of the Standard Oil Company. [177], As late as 1920, half the population lived in rural areas. [178] By 1910, most farmers subscribed to a farm newspaper, where editors promoted efficiency as applied to farming. Why was the city such a central element in Progressive America? As the industrial revolution took hold of the American economy and as mass production, alienation, and urbanization appeared to be unstoppable trends, Americans looked for solutions that could soften the effects of change without slowing down the engines of progress. Roosevelt broke bitterly with Taft in 1910, and also with Wisconsin's progressive leader Robert M. La Follette. Allowing women to own land C. Direct election of US Senators D. Pushing for civil rights for African Americans See answer Advertisement RilezWootz The only progressive era reform here is C. Direct election of US Senators. He made conservation a top priority and established many new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve the nation's natural resources. Progressive reformers made the first comprehensive effort within the American context to address the problems that arose with the emergence of a modern urban and industrial society. Analyze the political cartoon depicting President Theodore Roosevelt. Historian Paige Meltzer puts the GFWC in the context of the Progressive Movement, arguing that its policies: built on Progressive-era strategies of municipal housekeeping. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877 Rise of Industrial America, 1876-1900 Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 Overview Automobiles in the Progressive and New Eras The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed in 1874. They specialized on such urgent needs as infant care and maternal and child health, the distribution of pure milk and teaching new mothers about children's health. Which, if any, have an undetermined numerical value? Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Finally, reformers demanded a revamping of governing institutions, so that the power of state legislatures and Congress would be subordinated to an independent executive powercity managers, governors, and a modern presidencythat could truly represent the national interest and tackle the new tasks of government required by changing social and economic conditions. [141], Across the South, black communities developed their own Progressive reform projects. This system is called apportionment. Four years after publication of The Brass Check, the first code of ethics for journalists was created. Sullivan's book was first widely read on the left, as by labor activists, socialists and populists. Americans were not allowed to make, sell, or transport alcohol. [216][217] The Presbyterians described the goal in 1910 by proclaiming: The great ends of the church are the proclamation of the gospel for the salvation of humankind; the shelter, nurture, and spiritual fellowship of the children of God; the maintenance of divine worship; the preservation of truth; the promotion of social righteousness; and the exhibition of the Kingdom of Heaven to the world. ", Paul L. Murphy, "World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States" (1979), Arthur S. Link, "What Happened to the Progressive Movement in the 1920s?,", Stanley Coben, "Ordinary white Protestants: The KKK of the 1920s,", Barry C. Edwards, "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive. [160], The direct primary became important at the state level starting in the 1890s and at the local level in the 1900s. In 1913, Congress passed the WebbKenyon Act, which forbade the transport of liquor into dry states. Explore the reasons for and results of the Progressive Era amendments. Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 - Library of Congress [72] In the Western states, woman suffrage was a success story, but racist anti-Asian sentiment also prevailed. [250][251] Prominent leaders included the Mayo Brothers whose Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, became world-famous for innovative surgery. Sandbrook, Dominic. The direct primary made it possible to mobilize voters against the previously dominant political machines. An error occurred trying to load this video. Take a few moments to picture life during that time. Which of the following was a progressive era reform - Weegy [121] Inspired by crusading Judge Ben Lindsey of Denver, cities established juvenile courts to deal with disruptive teenagers without sending them to adult prisons. [71], In the south, prohibition was high on the agenda but controversial. Changes to the Ohio State Constitution from 1803 to 1851, Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy | Overview, History & Impact. [33] Along these lines, the founder of Hull-House, Jane Addams, coined the term "association" as a counter to Individualism, with association referring to the search for a relationship between the classes. The leadership of the GOP in Congress moved to the right, as did his protg President William Howard Taft. Write the problem in vertical form. However he strongly opposed Wilson's foreign policy, and mobilized the large German and Scandinavian elements which demanded neutrality in the World War I. Patterson took charge of the relief work and demonstrated in person the sort of business leaders he proposed. La Follette's refusal to support Roosevelt, and especially his suicidal ranting speech before media leaders in February 1912, alienated many progressives. [73], The Oregon Direct Legislation League was an organization of political activists founded by William S. U'Ren in 1898. Immediately after the Civil War, Susan B. Anthony, a strong and outspoken advocate of women's rights, demanded that the Fourteenth Amendment include a guarantee of the vote for women as well as for African-American males. Both opposed corruption and trusts. He insisted that antitrust lawsuits continue to the end; 16 new cases were launched in the last 2 months of the Taft administration.[199]. answer choices Judicial authority expanding to include administering local elections. Pinchot's main contribution was his leadership in promoting scientific forestry and emphasizing the controlled, profitable use of forests and other natural resources so they would be of maximum benefit to mankind. Analyze the illustration from the 1912 publication The New Immigration. He states that ultimately Progressives "were responsible for bringing scientific racism to an end". [232] Timberlake (1963) argues the dries sought to break the liquor trust, weaken the saloon base of big-city machines, enhance industrial efficiency, and reduce the level of wife beating, child abuse, and poverty caused by alcoholism. Advertisement Advertisement in. The Roosevelt in approach incorporated a near-mystical faith of the ennobling nature of war. More generally the Social Gospel impulse was base on righteousness, typified by the wide influence of theologian Walter Rauschenbusch. Pinchot served as the first Chief of the United States Forest Service from 1905 until 1910 and was the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania, serving from 1923 to 1927, and again from 1931 to 1935. The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) were among the leading groups that encouraged abstinence and discouraged premarital sex. [202] On the other hand, the rapid growth of industry called for a greater and expanding labor pool that could not be met by natural birth rates. There was significant political and social reform at both the state and national levels. Across the South the General Education Board (funded by the Rockefeller family) provided large-scale subsidies for black schools, which otherwise continued to be underfunded. Progressive Reforms were prompted by the political philosophy of Progressivism and the influence and work of reformists called Progressives who included activists, analysts and social commentators.

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